Computerised Tomography (CT) Scanning
Definition
What is a CT scan and how does a CT scanner work?
Computerised Tomography (CT) scanner is a sophisticated machine that acquires images of the body using X-Rays. Instead of sending out a single x-ray beam through your body as with ordinary X-Ray examinations, a fan-shaped beam of X-Rays passes through a slice of your body onto a bank of detectors where their strength is measured. Beams that have passed through less dense tissue such as the lungs will be stronger, whereas beams that have passed through denser tissue such as bone will be weaker. A powerful computer will use this information to work out the relative density of the tissues and the results are represented as a cross-sectional, two-dimensional picture shown on a monitor. The new VCT light speed 64-slice CT scanner we have at the Sports Surgery Clinic is one of the fastest available and gives images with greater definition than available in the past.
What are CT scans used for?
Any part of the body can be examined, though CT scanning is particularly good at looking at the following areas:
- Internal organs within the chest and abdomen. Including the lungs, liver, spleen, pancreas and kidneys.
- Orthopaedic imaging i.e. bones.
- Brain imaging.
- Vascular imaging to exam blood flow, particularly in and around the heart.
- CT scanning can also be used to guide biopsies and therapeutic pain procedures. Link-Interventions and Pain Management.
- CT scans are far more detailed than ordinary X-Rays. The information gathered is reconstructed to produce three-dimensional images that show what a surgeon would see during an operation. CT scans can very often prevent the need for invasive investigations.
Preparation for the scan
Some examinations no preparation is required, though metal can interfere with the image quality, so everyone who has a scan is asked to remove metal objects such as coins, jewellery, and hair clips, and it's best to wear clothing that does not have metal zips or buttons. However, if you are a patient having a scan of the abdomen, for example, you will be asked not to eat for up to 4 hours before the test. We do however encourage to you to drink plenty of fluids before and after your scan. For many examinations of the abdomen, you will be given a drink containing gastrografin, an aniseed flavoured X-Ray dye, up to an hour before the procedure. This makes the intestines easier to see on the images. In other examinations of the abdomen, you will be given a cup of water to drink immediately prior to the examination.
Procedure
Having a CT scan involves lying on a table that slides through the ‘ring' (or Gantry) of the scanner. The table is positioned so the part of the body being examined lies within the ring. The table moves through the gantry as the X-Ray source and the detectors rotate around inside. There will be a whirring noise caused by the moving parts of the scanner within the gantry. The radiographer operates the scanner from behind a window, and is able to see, hear and speak to the person being scanned throughout the procedure. During the scan the patient will be asked to keep very still and hold their breath for a few seconds. For some examinations, an injection of contrast agent (X-Ray dye) is needed to make organs and blood vessels easier to pick out. It is usually given into a vein in the arm or hand during the scan. The actual scanning itself takes a few seconds. You may need to be preapred, however, to wait from 10 minutes to an hour as most of the procedure time is in preparation and confirmation that the images are what your consultant needs. Once the examination is over most people can resume their normal activities immediately. However, if you have had an injection involving a local anaesthetic (usually in the neck or back) you will not be able to drive or operate machinery for the remainder of the day. The images we record will then be interpreted by a radiologist and the results will be sent to the doctor who arranged the scan.
Deciding whether to have a CT scan
A CT scan is a very common procedure. In order to give informed consent however, all patients deciding whether or not to have this procedure need to be aware of the possible side effects and the risk of complications.
Side-effects
The CT scan itself does not have any physical side effects. However, if a contrast agent is used, in very rare cases, some people may be affected. As the dye is injected it can cause flushing of the complexion and sometimes a feeling of nausea. Some people feel warm and get a metallic taste in their mouth. These are normal sensations and pass within a few seconds.
Complications
The only complications that may arise from a CT scan are related to the contrast agent. Again, very rarely a patient may have an allergic reaction to the dye. This can be treated immediately with appropriate medicines. Also, the dye can cause further kidney damage in people who already have kidney problems. People who have allergies or kidney problems should tell the CT department staff prior to the examination.
Contraindications
CT technology requires the use of ionising radiation. There are known but slight risks to the foetus if exposed to ionising radiation, therefore if there is any chance that you could be pregnant, you will not be scanned.
Why chose the Sports Surgery Clinic CT Scanning Department?
Since the advent of X-Rays in the late 18th century and the technique of CT scanning was developed in the 1970's, a range of increasingly advanced imaging techniques means that doctors today have a host of scanners at their disposal. At the Sports Surgery Clinic, one of the most technically advanced CT scanners is available to our referrers and patients. It is one of only a handful in the country. The LightSpeed VCT™ scanner is a remarkable machine, paving the way for more accurate diagnosis of diseases and early warnings of potential problems. This groundbreaking technology opens the door to new procedures while improving the existing ones. Faster coverage with sub-millimetre resolution and shorter patient-breath-holds allow more robust and repeatable studies. This is critical in emerging procedures such as Coronary Angiographic studies.
Contacting us
If you have any questions about your examination or there is something you think we should be aware of prior to your procedure, please contact Diagnostic Imaging:
Tel no: 01 526 2060